忧伤与绝望：詹姆斯·赖特诗歌中的英雄主义

在反思现代工业文明背景下从事体力劳动的工人的生活境遇等问题意识下,诗人和学者把眼光投向人物的内心世界.詹姆斯·赖特创作的诗歌“秋天在俄亥俄的马丁斯费里开始了”描绘了在他家乡,劳动工人们普遍低落的身心状态.在面对家庭责任时,他们愧疚不堪;在想到人生理想时,他们只能从孩子们身上重温少年时代的英雄梦.文章通过对劳动工人们内心世界的挖掘,对美国当时经济状况的分析以及对劳动工人英雄主义思想等问题的探究,阐述在美国现代工业高速发展的20世纪50年代,劳动工人消极的个人生活的根源与实质.     

On the Cusum test for parameter changes in garch(1,1) Models

This paper considers the problem of testing parameter constancy in GARCH(1,1) models. A cusum of squares test is propesed in analogy Of Incl´n and Tiao (1394)'s statistic. its limiting distribution is derived via using the invariance principle for mixingaie sequences obtained by McLeish(1975). Simulation results are illustrated to demonstrate the validity of the cusum test.     

Stein-type estimation using ranked set sampling

In this study, we consider the application of the James–Stein estimator for population means from a class of arbitrary populations based on ranked set sample (RSS). We consider a basis for optimally combining sample information from several data sources. We succinctly develop the asymptotic theory of simultaneous estimation of several means for differing replications based on the well-defined shrinkage principle. We showcase that a shrinkage-type estimator will have, under quadratic loss, a substantial risk reduction relative to the classical estimator based on simple random sample and RSS. Asymptotic distributional quadratic biases and risks of the shrinkage estimators are derived and compared with those of the classical estimator. A simulation study is used to support the asymptotic result. An over-riding theme of this study is that the shrinkage estimation method provides a powerful extension of its traditional counterpart for non-normal populations. Finally, we will use a real data set to illustrate the computation of the proposed estimators.     

Ray Watching: The Highly Protected,British Prison Experience of Martin Luther King’s Killer

The arrest of James Earl Ray at London Airport on 8 June 1968 marked the final stage of an international manhunt that had begun with the murder of Martin Luther King Jr. on 4 April. Arrested for travelling on a false passport and with an unlicensed firearm, Ray faced extradition to the US to face charges of murder. While in prison in Britain, the US Government feared that he might escape, commit suicide or be himself assassinated. Each of these outcomes risked reigniting the African-American anger that had wracked major US cities in April. Accordingly the UK Government was requested to take special security measures and complied. Was this a supine response from a Labour government anxious to placate a disgruntled superpower ally or did it also reflect contemporaneous UK anxieties about the tense state of race relations at home? Drawing on Home Office records, this article examines these questions.     

“历史地理学”还是“地理历史学”？——英国历史地理学方法论视野下的中国式问题评议

在国内历史地理学的本土语境中，“地理历史学”这一概念几乎从未进入专业研究者的话语体系。一些现代地理学者认为，以往的中国历史地理学实际属于地理历史研究范畴，前者之名掩盖了后者的存在；进而主张建立一门与历史地理学并驾齐驱的新学科——地理历史学。事实上，类似争议在以英美为代表的英语国家学术界亦曾发生过。对此，英国著名历史地理学家达比和贝克都曾有所阐释和辨析，值得镜鉴。本文重申只有将历史地理学视为沟通和融会地理学与历史学两大传统学科之间领域的学术关怀，才能摆脱古往今来两者各自立足于本位而提出的片面见解。重视西方历史地理学方法论的形成与发展，有助于厘清这一争议话题的本质，也有利于推动本土学科自身的理论建构。     

乔伊斯小说中的象征寓意

乔伊斯是一位著名的意识流小说家.在他的作品里,大量地运用了象征手法来烘托小说的主题思想,使爱尔兰首都都柏林成了现代西方社会的缩影,使西方现代社会的方方面面淋漓尽致地跃然纸上.他作品里的象征寓意主要是通过死亡象征、景物象征、动态象征、意念象征和修辞象征表现出来的.     

How Bad Can a Crisis Be If It Does Not Top the News?

Sudden onset of front-page news about the U.S. financial crisis, beginning September 6, 2008, may have exacerbated underlying financial problems and facilitated the spread of risk panic to other nations.     

Estimation of the mean of a spherically symmetric distribution with constraints on the norm

The authors consider the problem of estimating, under quadratic loss, the mean of a spherically symmetric distribution when its norm is supposed to be known and when a residual vector is available. They give a necessary and sufficient condition for the optimal James‐Stein estimator to dominate the usual estimator. Various examples are given that are not necessarily variance mixtures of normal distributions. Consideration is also given to an alternative class of robust James‐Stein type estimators that take into account the residual vector. A more general domination condition is given for this class.     

汉语圣经浅文言译本考述

19世纪下半叶,圣经汉语翻译呈现出从深文言到白话文之间的过渡,产生了介乎深文言到白话文之间的浅文言圣经译本。汉语浅文言圣经共四种译本:杨格非译本、包约翰/白汉理译本、和合浅文言译本、施约瑟译本。其中,杨格非译本、包约翰/白汉理译本、和合浅文言译本都只翻译出版了新约全书或部分旧约书卷,只有施约瑟译本是唯一的浅文言圣经全书译本。相较之前的深文言译本和之后发展至今的白话译本,浅文言译本可称为圣经汉译史上的重要过渡,其译本种类、数量和影响力都有限,只出版过汉字一种文字形式的译本。此时段的晚清传教士群体处于盼望各基督教差会能共同接受和认同一部圣经译本的心态中,较为忽略浅文言圣经译本的产生。     

从框架理论析詹姆斯·乔伊斯小说《尤利西斯》

《尤利西斯》是詹姆斯·乔伊斯意识流小说的扛鼎之作,小说中大量运用意识流手法的描写使其晦涩难懂。框架（Frame）作为一种认知概念,其构建有助于文本的理解。从概念框架观、情景框架观和社会文化框架观这三种最有影响力的框架理论的角度能更好地对这部作品中的人物原型、故事情节发展和人物性格的形成进行认知解读。框架理论为读者理解文学语篇提供了新的视角。